Tundra+2

toc google.ca The tundra biome appears in grey on the map

//__Introduction__//

The tundra biome is known by extremely cold temperatures and treeless, frozen landscapes. There are two types of tundra, the arctic tundra and the alpine tundra.

It is very important to have knowledge of biomes and it is very important to know what living things are living in these kinds of biomes. The tundra biome is an magnificent place but it is very cold. It is located in the northern hemisphere. The sun barely rises and the frigid cold and the deep snow makes life in the biome hard. All animals in the biome have to adapt in order to survive in this biome. Some animals grown thick fur which turns white in the long winter and other animals find a place to hibernate in the long winter months.

The tundra biome is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra is from the Finnish word tunturi which means treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. The tundra biome is located in the northern hemisphere encircling the north pole and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert like conditions.

__What is the climate like? (weather)__

Tundra is a very cold biome it is cold through all the months of the year. If the sun shines almost 24 hours it is called The land of the midnight sun. But the sun can't warm the tundra much. the short summer lasts only 6 to 10 weeks. It never gets any warmer than 45-50°. During the long winter the sun barely rises and it is dark for most of the day. Winter temperatures don't reach above 20 ° F. At endless hours of darkness the wind blows harder. The animals find only enough food to keep warm. Tundra is an unusually cold and a dried climate. It rains 6-10 inches of rain each year including melting snow. This is almost as little as the driest desert the tundra is an extreme weather biome and it is very cold.

**__What different types of plants exist in this biome?__** **In this biome there are some plants that live in this biome because of the weather of this biome it is very cold.** __**List of plants**__

-Tussock grasses -Dwarf trees -Small-leafed shrubs -Heaths -Lichens -Perennial Forbs -Cotton grass -The Calliergon giganteum -Rock willow -Bear berry -Caribou Moss -Diamond-leaf Willow -Labrador tea -Pasque Flower -Saxifrage

//__What different types of animals exist in this biome?__//

=Polar bear=

Where do they live?
Polar bears can be found in the northern areas Canada, Alaska, Russia and Norway. They are also located in some parts of Greenland.

Diet
Polar bears diets are mainly on seals they use variety tactics to catch them and they are usually stealth and patience

Habitat
Polar bears are located near ice and water where seals can be found. Polar bears have dens in which they will sleep and where the females give birth to cubs. Polar bears do not enter true hibernation as in this period of hunting. Some polar bears and pregnant females will enter a deep sleep where their heart rate drops.

=Caribou=

Where do they live?
The Caribou located in the northern countries such as Canada,Russia,Greenland,Finland,Norway and Sweden.

Diet
The diet of a Caribou varies when the seasons change. In the summer time they would eat plants and in the winter time they dig through the snow to get to the moss and other lichens that lie beneath the arctic surface.

Habitat
Caribou are migratory animals and are known for mass migrations across the tundra in search of food. Caribou can live in the tundra because they have thick fur that can enter frigid water.

= =

= = =Arctic Fox=

Where do they live?
The Arctic Fox can be found throughout the Arctic region. This includes parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, Iceland Scandinavia, Svalbard, and Alaska

Diet
Arctic Foxes eat birds and their eggs. They will sometimes scavenge on dead carcasses of animals, and they are often seen following Polar Bears to feed on the leftovers the bears leave behind. The Arctic Foxe will also eat some vegetation such as berries

Habitat
Like many foxes, the Arctic Fox builds a den. Sometimes the Arctic Fox's den can sometimes be in a hillside or river bank and sometimes have multiple entrances and exits.The Arctic Fox can be found in arctic or alpine tundra.

=Arctic Hare=

Where do they live?
The Arctic Hare is located in extreme northern Canada and various parts of Greenland.

Diet
The Arctic Hare eats buds, berries, twigs, mosses, woody plants and other types of vegetation that are in the tundra.

Habitat
Arctic Hares can be found in various tundra areas of Greenland and northern Canada. They will sometimes make shelters in the snow to help them survive the extremely cold temperatures of the tundra.

= = =Snowy Owl=

Where do they live?
The Snowy Owl can be found inAlaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia, and many areas north of the Arctic Circle. There have been reports of Snowy Owls inIreland, China, and as far south as Texas and Georgia.

Diet
Snowy Owls will most often feed on small rodents including lemmings and voles.Rabbits are another staple of the Snowy Owl's diet. The owls also feed on other types of birds such as ptarmigans as well as bird eggs of larger birds.

Habitat
Snowy Owls will build their nests on the ground, typically in a higher place than the surrounding land so that they will have good visibility to predators and prey.

=Musk Ox=

Where do they live?
The Musk Ox can be found in various locations throughout northern Canada, Greenland, Alaska, Norway, Sweden and Russia. At one point they were eradicated in Alaska, Norway, Sweden and Russia, but have since been successfully re-introduced to some areas in those countries.

Diet
Musk Oxen are vegetarian and will eat much of the vegetation that is available in the tundra.

Habitat
Musk Oxen are roaming animals that live in herds. A herd will often remain in a certain range where it will have access to food and water, and will roam within that range throughout the seasons to locate those resources.

=Rock Ptarmigan=

Where do they live?
The rock ptarmigan is circumpolar and can be found in many areas north of the Arctic Circle, including countries such as Russia, Sweden, Canada, Iceland and Greenland. In some instances they may be found further south in places like Japan.

Diet
They feed on leaves, flowers, berries, buds, twigs and other types of vegetation. Young ptarmigan chicks will also be fed insects in addition to vegetation.

Habitat
Rock ptarmigans can often be found in elevated, rocky, sloped areas of the tundra. Females and chicks may prefer areas with brush to protect them from predators, while males may prefer open.

Other animals


 * GroundSquirrel || Moose || RedFox || Reindeer ||
 * Beluga Whale || Gray Wolf || Grizzly Bear || Killer Whale ||
 * Lemming || Sea Lion || Weasel || Ermine ||
 * Sled Dog || Seal || Snowshoe Rabbit || Walrus ||
 * Wolverine ||  ||   ||   ||

=How is this biome threatened by humans?=

It is threatened by humans cause of global warming. peoples of the world create factories and pollute the lands so it warms the earth and the snow melts and the animals get endangered.

=Give an example of a specific ecosystem that would be classified as this biome (i.e. Lake Ontario is specific ecosystem that is an example of a freshwater biome)=

-Northern Alaska

1. Where in the world is the biome located (try and find an image that you can can copy and paste into your page)?

2. What is the climate like (what is the temperature and the weather)?

3. What different types of plants exist in this biome?

4. What different types of animals exist in this biome?

5. How is this biome threatened by humans?

6. Give an example of a specific ecosystem that would be classified as this biome (i.e. Lake Ontario is specific ecosystem that is an example of a freshwater biome)

**carnivore** –an animal that eats other animals **commensalism** – a relationship in which one organism takes something of need from another organism, where the second organism neither benefits nor harms it. **consumer** – a living thing that can only survive by consuming other plants, animals, or organisms **detritivore -** organisms that eat dead or decaying material **food chain -** a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member **food web -** the energy circulatory system of an ecosystem **herbivore -** organisms that eat plants **mutualism –** the relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other **nonliving –** a thing which never has been, nor ever will be alive **omnivore –** an animal that eats both other animals and plants **parasitism -** the relationship between an organism called a parasite, that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant). the parasite gains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host **producer -** a plant or organism that produces energy from non-living things, such as sunlight. **symbiosis -** the relationship between two organisms that provide benefits to each other without any negative impact on either organism.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/wordlist/foodweb.shtml

http://www.eoearth.org/article/Tundra_biome

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra_plant_page.htm

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm

http://www.tundraanimals.net/

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra_climate.htm

http://www.appstate.edu/~neufeldhs/ecosystems/biomestundra.htm

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